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定语从句的结构性特点探究
作者:陈毕寅 发表时间:2015年12月04日 浏览量:87 分享到空间
定语从句的结构性特点探究
关键词: 定语从句;结构;关系词与名词的位置关系;关系词与动词的位置关系
定语从句在整个高中的英语课程中都占有举足轻重的位置。定语从句部分的教学在语法部分的教学中既是重点也是一个难点,在近来几年的各省高考题中都被考到。如:
(2011.安徽高考)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
(2012.浙江高考)We live in an age_____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
很多老师在把定语从句讲解一通之后学生还是一头雾水,似懂非懂,动手做题时也是眼高手低,毫无把握。究其原因还是在教与学的过程中学生没有充分发挥主观能动性,缺乏自主思考。在教学中如果能够引导学生根据已有知识进行比较、总结,这样知识才能在学生的脑海里巩固、升华。因此,我们在教学实践中就鼓励学生根据定语从句的知识要点和例句,结合新课程理念,要求学生以分组讨论的方式比较、提炼出定语从句常见的结构性特点。
具体操作为:A组讨论关系词做主语的结构,B组讨论关系词做宾语的结构,C组讨论关系词做定语的结构,D组讨论关系词做状语的结构,E组讨论其他的结构。然后各组选出代表在板报或黑板上展示成果,其他组进行讨论和点评,最后由老师补充以形成学生自己的探究成果。
提供例句如下:
1.(2010全国卷Ⅰ) As a child,Jack studied in a village school, ________ is named after his grandfather.
A.which B.where C.what D.that
2.(2011哈尔滨检测)—Where did you find Tom?
—It was in the house ________I used to live.
A.that B.which C.where D.what
3.(2011石家庄二检)After years abroad,he returned to his hometown,________he spent his childhood.
A.which B.when C.that D.where
4.(2010北京高考) Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.what B.whose C.which D.that
5.(2010陕西高考) The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A.where B.which C.its D.whose
6.(2011福建联考)The Gate of Fortune,from ________top visitors can enjoy a wonderful sea view,will attract lots of tourists.
A.which B.whose C.where D.its
7.(2010浙江高考) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A.whom B.which C.them D.those
8.(2011湖南师大附中) We have gathered nearly 100,000 quilts,________ up to half have gone to the flood hit areas.
A.with which B.in which C.for which D.of which
9.(2011金华十校联考)American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.
A.who B.about which C.as D.with whom
10.(2010四川高考)After graduating from college,I took
some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision.
A.that B.which C.when D.where
11.(2011烟台检测)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest ________ everyone likes to visit.
A.that B.as C.which D.what
12.(2011南京第三次模拟)Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning,________we think will benefit us in
the long term.
A.what B.that C.which D.who
13.(2009福建高考)It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
14.(2011·重庆诊断) He is confident,________,in my opinion,is most important in society.
A.how B.that C.what D.which
(答案1-5 ACDBD 6-10BADDB 11-14BCDD)
小组探究成果展示如下表:
组别 |
成 果 展 示 |
成 分 |
例 句 |
A |
n.,____ + v. |
主语 |
1.10.12.14 |
B |
n.,____ s.+ v. |
宾语 |
|
C |
n., of/in…____ + s.+v. |
介宾 |
7.8.9 |
D |
n.,____ n.+ v. |
定语 |
4.5.6. |
E |
地点n./介短+_____ s.+v. |
状语 |
2.3.13. |
F |
Such…as/the same…as As is known/expected/reported,… |
其他 |
11. |
其他组对各小组点评如下:
For A.组
1.表格中所列结构n.,____ + v. 为非限制性定语从句结构,其在限制性定语从句中同样适用;
2.空格后为动词,因此在非限制性定语从句空格处关系词应为做主语的who,which; 在限制性定语从句中为who,which,that;
3.which在非限制性定语从句中指代前面的整个句子。
For B.组
1.上述例题中没有直接提供例句;表格中所列结构为非限制性定语从句结构,其在限制性定语从句中同样适用;
2.n.,____ s.+ v.结构中关系词不一定是作宾语,如果动词为不及物的可能是状语。因此需要更加具体化为n.,____ s.+ vt.
3.例句 The man whom/that you met yesterday is Tom.
For C.组
1.表格中所列结构n., of/in…____ + s.+v. 为非限制性定语从句结构,其在限制性定语从句中同样适用;
2.常见的介词有in,on,at,for,of,with,to,from 等;
3.当先行词表示地点时介词短语in,on,at+which相当于where;
4. 介词短语在句中已经出现,句尾应该避免重复;
5.其中的of+which 可以理解为“其中一部分”,例如上面的第8题。
For D.组
1. n.,____ n.+ v.此结构中空格前后都为名词,但不一定做定语,只有当前后两个n.为所属关系时才是做定语的whose;
2. 当动词为vt.,其后又缺少宾语时空格则可能为宾语;
3. 当动词为vi.,且第一个n.即先行词为地点n.时空格则为状语的where;
For E.组
1. 地点n./介短+_____ s. + v.当先行词为地点n.时,空格则可能为状语的where;
2. 当先行词为地点n.时,地点n./介短+_____ s.+v.中动词又为vt.缺少宾语时空格则为宾语。试比较下面一组句子:
a. The factory where my father works is in the east
of the city.
b. The factory which my father visited yesterday is in the east of the city.
3. 除了地点状语外,还有时间状语的when和原因状语的why.
For F.组
1. As is known/expected/reported,…此结构位于句首时后必须有逗号隔开,如果没有逗号则可转化为It is known that…句型;
2. As is known/expected/reported,…此结构中As意为
“正如…”;
3. 注意Such…as与Such…that 的区别;
4. 注意the same…as与the same…that 的区别;
教师点评如下:
大家对各组结构的理解和相关注意事项的把握很到位,特别是各组对表格中展示的结构的点评很全面,很合理,很到位。只有学会去质疑和分析才能真正把握定语从句。另外需要补充的是定语从句与强调句型的结合也是不可忽视的考点。如下句:
1. It’s in this village,_____ Mary was born 35 years ago,____ she will build her first school,_____ inspires everyone to help her.
A. That/when/which B. where/that/which
C.that/ that/ that D. where/when/that
分析:B.此题中有三个空格,要判断出哪个是定语从句,哪个是强调句型,必须先理解整句的意义并且找出主句。本句的主句应为____ she will build her first school部分,因此此空格为强调句型的that;而第一空格前为in this village为地点状语因此空格为定语从句的where;第三空格后为_____ inspires everyone to help her.此部分缺少主语,故用which作主语指代前面的主句。
2.I think it was on the playground on ______ we play
basketball with some boy yesterday______ you lost
your handbag.
A. that/which B. which/that
C. where/ that D. that/ where
分析:B. 此题中第二空格后的句子为强调句,故第二空格应为that;而第一空格前为on the playground on______,虽然有地点状语,但空格前有介词on而只能用which不用where。
综上所述,关于定语从句的结构特点我们可以重新归纳如下:
组别 |
成 果 展 示 |
成 分 |
例 句 |
A |
n.(,)who/which/(that)+ v. |
主语 |
1.10.12.14 |
B |
n.(,)whom/ which/(that) s. + vt. |
宾语 |
|
C |
n.(,) of/in…which/whom + s. + v. |
介宾 |
7.8.9 |
D |
n., whose + n.+ v. |
定语 |
4.5.6. |
E |
地点n./介短+ where/when/why+ s. +v. |
状语 |
2.3.13. |
F |
Such…as/the same…as As is known/expected/reported,… It is/was…that…that |
其他 |
11. |
总之,定语从句部分的教学要想取得好的效果不仅仅是多讲多练,更需要思考、分析、比较和总结。只有真正充分发挥学生的主观能动性,学生主动参与到思维过程中,教与学才能更好地结合,才能取得更好的效果。