初中英语语法教学案例及分析

      在英语教学中，语法教学历来就是一个难点，如何把枯燥无味的语法课上得趣味横生。这就要求英语教师要钻研语法教材,精心设计语法教法,为学生营造一种轻松愉快的英语氛围，从而轻松习得语法知识。以下案例就是通过游戏,情景,归纳,练习,活动等愉快教学方法使学生掌握语法。

    案例分析

一..Teaching Content: 7BUnit5 Abilities Grammar

Grammar A:Using “can”/ “could” to talk about ability

二..Teaching Aims:

1. Use can to talk about the ability at present

2.Use could to talk about ability in the past.

三..Important and Difficult Points:

how to use “can” and “could” to express ability in the present and past.

四..Teaching Procedures:

Step 1. Warming up.

T: What can you do now?

S: I can sing.

S2: I can draw

S3: I can dance.

T: Can you ride a bike / swim / fly a kite / play football / play chess?

Ss:Yes , I can. / No, I can’t.

(Show the students’ answers and Ride a bike / Swim/  Fly a kite/  Play football / Play chess  on the screen .)

     本部分用来复习以前学过的情态动词can的用法,以及一些动词短语ride a bike fly a kite  play .football等.自然的过渡到本科的语法, 用can.谈论能力..

Stept2 Playing a game

T: Now let’s play a game .Five students come to the front and perform for the class according to my instructions.and gestures.The others answer my questions.

T : What can she do?

Ss : She can ride a bike /swim/ fly a kite/ play football / play chess .

T: Can she / heride a bike /swim/ fly a kite/play football /play chess.

Ss: Yes ,She can? No, she can’t.

T: Say the whole sentences:

eg: A. can ride a bike.

He can’t / cannot swim.…

Step3 Work in pairs

T: Ask your partner more questions like above .

   本部分通过做游戏,让五位同学表演,其余的学生猜, 这些同学在干什么,他们能干什么?学生便可轻松愉快的气氛中掌握了can的用法.再者,学生的参与率较高.积极性较高.

Step4 Playing a guessing game

T:Now let’s play a game .Please listen carefully and guess what I am.

I can fly.

I can sing.

I can repeat the words you say .

what am I?

Ss:It is a parrot.

   再次用游戏把气氛推向了高潮.学生异常兴奋.

Step4. Presentation.

T: Can you ride a bike now?

S1:Yes. Ican

T:Could you ride a bike five years ago ?

(Help him answer: Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t)

S1:Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t.

T: we can use “could” to talk about the past

.e.g I can play compute now .But, last year I couldn’t play.

T: Could you row a boat last year?

S1:Yes I could . No, I couldn’t.

T: Could she he row a boat last year?( Ask other students)

Ss: Yes she he could . No she he couldn’t

T:Yes , A could ride a bike five years ago.

He couldn’t swim five years ago.

 (Teach the students to say the whole sentences):

A could ride a bike five years ago.

He couldn’t swim five years ago.)

(Ask other students in the same ways)

Step5 Work in pairs

T: Ask your partner more questions like above

Could he / she …? (Yes, he / she could. / No, he / she couldn’t.)

……

    通过现在推测过去的能力,自然过渡到下一个教学环节.

Step 6Working out the rules

T: Let’s work out the rule.   

①     Positive: can

          could

②     Negative: can’t

          Couldn’t

③     Question: Can …？

          Could …？

    水到渠成,总结规律,归纳can could 的肯定句,否定句,疑问句,

Step 3. Practice.

T:Please complete the sentences in PartA1      Work alone.(Part A1)

T: Let’s check the answers together.T: Please Talk about the tables freely.with your partners .

eg. Can Sandy row a boat now?

   Could he do it last year?

T: Please Complete the conversation of Part A2.

Step6  Explanation:

T:We can use “am (is , are) able to “ instead of “can”,and “was (were) able to “ instead of “could“.

eg.①Mike can sing more than 20 English songs.

    Mike is able to …

②She could speak English when she was four.

She was able to…

T: Please give more examples.

Step7 Summing up:

T:In this class we learnt the use of can and could about talking about abilities .Who knows the differences between “can” and “could”

    让学生总结本科所学内容,在一次回忆can could 的用法.从而加深学生的印象.

Step 8. Consolidation:

 一、单项选择

(  )1.Can you write a letter in English?  No,I-----------.

     A.may not   B.mustn’t   C.can’t   D.needn’t 

(  )2.He said that he-------------swim when he was six.

A.might      B.could      C.can      D.would

(  )3. ---------------I have some bottles of orange?

A.Do     B.Could     C.Don’t     D.Would

(  )4.That man ----------be her son.He left for Shanghai this morning.

     A.can’t    B.mustn’t     C.needn’t     D.shan’t

二、你能用适当的情态动词填空吗？

1.It is hot summer in Lianyungang. We---------- go swimming there.

2.The library is closed now. We ------------borrow many books today.

3.Dainel is very clever. He ----------solve the problem.

4.Helen -----------learn from books because she was blind（瞎的）when she was young.

5.Mary------------ ride a bicycle when she was six. Look at the picture. She was falling off  her bike.

三、句型转换

1.Rose can swim in the big river.(改为否定句)

2.Sandy can dance.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)

3.Simon could play tennis last year.( 改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)

4.Amy could climb trees and hills. (改为否定句)

四、翻译句子

1.他们会跳舞.

2.Neil过去会打篮球吗？是的，会.

3.他去年不会划船.

4.她们可能在操场上.

5.你明天可能去游泳吗？不,不可能.

  课时练习用来巩固所学知识.

Step 6. Homework:

 1.Memorize the phrases :row a boat  fly a kite  ride a bicycleetc

2.revise theuse of can and could

3.Preview Grammar2

     本节课符合新课表标的要求,算是一堂很成功的课。从教学步骤上看,教学环节衔接自然，环环相扣，逐层递进，一气呵成。从教学设计上看,设置了游戏,表演,总结,练习等方法新颖独到,不仅游戏生动有趣v,情景逼真, 调动了学生主体的主动性、积极性.而且适时的练习总结,巩固了所学知识。总之,本节课在老师的引导下, 一节课以快乐的“游戏复习”开始，在“游戏竞猜”的高潮中结束，让学生整节课中都感到轻松愉快.不知不觉中学到了知识。

典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C.
割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景
，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was
falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when,
while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发
生。句意为
"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she
___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written,
had left D. were writing, had left
答案D.
"把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完
成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。