独立主格结构用法分析
一、独立主格结构的几种形式:
(1)名词(代词)+现在分词
Xiao wang falling ill, we have to look after him.
The guests having left, she began to clean the noom.
(2)n(pron)+p.p
Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the Bb,
△
She stood there, her hands crossed on the chest.
△
(手的“交叉”动作是由大脑控制的,手只不过是执行动作器官,它们之间有一种被动关系,因此用过去分词crossed)
(3)n(pron)+adj
The street wet and slippy, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.
The students were listening to the teacher, their eyes wide open.
△
(这种结构与“主系表”结构相似,非谓语系动词being往往省略,但当being的逻辑主语是代词时,be就不能省略,如:It being sunny,the children went to the park.)
(4)n(pron)+adv.
△The meeting over, we returned to the classroom.
(这种结构也相当于“主系表”结构,表语为副词时,非谓语表动词being常省略.)
(5)n(pron)+to do
The sports meeting to be held next week, we must get ready fot it.
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
(在这种结构中,动词不定式用表示将来的动作,第一句中的“运动会”与“召开”是一种被动关系,所以用不定式的被动形式。
第二句so many people是有help him的动作执行者,因此用不定式的主动形式)
(6)n(pron)+prep phrase
The old man sat on the chair, (with)a pipe in his hard.
老人手里拿着烟斗坐在椅子上。
The man went out of the room, food in mouth.
那个走出房间,嘴里嚼着食物。
(在“n+prep phrase”构成的独立主格结构中,有两种习惯用法:第一种有冠词和物主代词等分别修饰前后两个名词,有时有with引导,如以上第一句,第二种前后两个名词没有任何冠词和物主代词修饰,也不用with引导,如以上第二句?)
(7)There being+n (pron)
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
没有公共汽车,我们只好步行回家。
There being no more things to be discussed, the meeting came to an end.
没有什么事情要讨论,会议结束了。
(这种结构是存在句型的独立主格结构,其中being不能省略。)
二、独立主格结构在句中的作用。
1、作时间状语
Spring coming on, the trees turns green.
春天到了,树变绿了。
The problerm (having been)solved they went back to their own post.
问题解决后,他们回到了各自的工作岗位。
2、作原因状语
It being Sunday yesterday, we didn’t go to school.
昨天是星期天,我们没有上学。
The key(having been)lost, they couldn’t enter the room.
钥匙丢了,他们进不了房间。
3、作条件状语
Time permitting, we’ll visit the park.
如果时间许可,我们将参观那个公园。
Water heated to a high temperature, we can see steem rising from it.
如果水加热到很高的温度,我们就会看到水蒸气从水中冒出来。
4、作方式状语或伴随状语
The children were making a snowman, their hards red with cold.
孩子们在堆雪人,他们的手冻得通红。
He fell to the ground, blood trickling from his nose.
他跌倒在地,鼻子流着血。
三、独立主格结构的句型转换。
1、转换成状语从句
His homework done, he went to bed.
=After his homework was done, he went to bed.
功课做好后,他上床睡觉了。
She not feeling well, we worried about her.
=As she was not feeling well, we worried about her.
因为她身体舒服,我们为她感到担忧。
Weather permitting, the sports meeting will be held the day after tomorrow.
=If weather permits, the sports meeting will be help the day after tomorrow.
如果天气许可,运动会将在后天举行。
2、转换成并列句
The young woman came into the cinema, a baby in her arms.
=The young woman came into the cinema, and a baby was in her arms.
那位青年妇女抱着小孩进了电影院。
The boy stood there silentiy, his eyes fixed upon the black people.=The boy stood there sicently and his eyes were fixed upon the black people.
那个男孩默默地站在那儿,眼睛盯着黑人们看。
3、转换成“with”的复合结构
Night falling, we hurried home.
=With night falling, we hurried home.
夜幕降临了,我们匆忙回家。
The singnal given, the train left the railway station.
=With the signal given, the train left the railway station,
信号发出后,火车离开了车站。
The old scientist came to the meeting, his wife supporting him.
=The old scientist came to the meeting, with his wife supporting him.
那位科学家由他的夫人扶着走进了会场。
The spy sat on the ground, his hands tied behind his back.
=The spy sat on the ground, with his hands tied behind his back.
间谍坐在地上,他的手反帮在背后。