英语句子结构复习要点与考点综述

                                安徽 蚌埠二中 马爱军

句子是文章的基础，没有结构完整, 语言清楚而明确的句子, 就不会有语言通顺流畅、结构完整统一、说理透彻的文章。高考书面表达评判标准在“各档次的给分范围和要求”中每一档次都对句型结构的使用做出了具体的规定。 由此可见，语法句型的正确应用对提高提高英语水平是至关重要的。要写出正确有效的英语句子，这就要求我们了解英语句子的构成，根据英语句子的基本结构来写构成作文的每个句子。

句子按目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。从结构上可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三类。

以下分别简要叙述句子的基本句型结构及其用法。

一. 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

1. 陈述句

说明一个事实或陈述说话者的看法的句子叫陈述句。陈述句通常用降调朗读。它包括肯定式和否定式。

1) 否定式：如果其谓语部分含有be动词、助动词和情态动词，则直接在它的后面加not构成否定式；如果其谓语部分只含行为动词，则需借助do(does, did) + not + 动词原形构成否定式。如： I don’t want to do that.

 He can hardly speak an English world.

2) 完全否定和不完全否定：不定代词both, all, everything, everybody等和not连用构成不完全否定，完全否定用neither, none, nothing, no one等。 如：

Both of them didn’t attend the meeting. 他们俩并非都参加了这次会议。

Neither of them attended the meeting. 他们俩都没参加了这次会议。

All that glitters is not gold. 发闪光的并不都是金子。

Nobody agrees with what you said. 没有人同意你所说的。

3)否定前移：在believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think等词的宾语从句中的否定词not，应移到主句的谓语动词中。如：

I don’t think it will be very cold today.

We don’t believe that he can do it.

2.疑问句

疑问句按结构可分为四种：

1）一般疑问句

  一般疑问句以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have开头，读时用升调，通常要求以yes或no来回答。如： Does he study hard? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

回答一般疑问句的否定形式要注意，要根据事实的否定和肯定去回答，不要受汉语思维的影响，肯定的回答用yes, 否定回答用no，这和汉语是不一致的。 如：

Can’t you wear just flowers? No, I can’t. (Yes, I can) 难道你不能带花吗？是的，我不能。(不，我能)

2) 特殊疑问句

  用疑问代词和疑问副词提问的句子，不用Yes或No来回答。疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰着三种成份的时候，用“疑问词＋一般疑问句”。who是主格，whom是宾格。

Where do you come from?

Who(whom) are you looking for?

What do you think has happened to her?

 how long, how soon与 how often

  how long用来对一段时间进行提问，如：

  - - - How long has he been away from hometown?

  - - - Three years.

  how soon 用来询问要过多久以后，到什么时候能做好某事。如：

  - - - How soon is the train arriving?

  - - - In half an hour.

  how often用来对表示频率的副词或短语提问。如：

- - - How often do you have a haircut?

  - - - Once a month.

练习： I don’t know ___ she will get there.

    A. how soon B. how often C. how far D. how long   (Key: A)

3). 反意疑问句

反意疑问句提出情况或看法，但并不肯定，要求对方来加以证实。它有两部分组成，如果前一部分是肯定的，后一部分就要用否定式，反之，如果前一部分是否定式，后一部分就要用肯定式。前后两部分的谓语，在时态、人称、数上要保持一致，回答方式和一般疑问句的答语相同。

（1）当陈述部分为否定句时要特别注意，这时的回答和汉语回答是不一致的。 如：

--- Tom doesn’t study hard, does he?  汤姆学习不努力，是吗？

--- Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t. 不，他很努力。（对，他不努力）

（2）如果陈述部分包含有“no, never, hardly, little, few, scarcely, seldom”等词，这部分就算否定。如果陈述部分的否定词仅带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定句处理，反意疑问部分用否定形式。
    (3) 当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustn’t。如：
You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?
但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如：
You must have made a mistake, haven’t you?
They must have seen the film last week, didn’t they?
He must be in the library, isn’t he?
 （4）复合句的反意疑问句。

① 如果陈述部分是主从复合句，一般情况下，疑问部分与主句一致。例如：

If you had come yesterday，you might have seen him ，mightn't you？

He never told us why he was late，did he？

② 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，附加问句一般与主句一致。例如：

She told me that she had finished the task，didn't she？

但是若主句谓语为suppose，think，believe，guess，imagine，expect等，主语是第一人称，这时，疑问部分与从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。例如：

I don't think he will get there on time，will he？

I expect you will have a good time there，won't you？

但如果主语是第二、三人称，则疑问部分与主句一致，且不存在否定转移。例如：

You don't think we can speak English，do you？

He thinks he's got the right answer，doesn't he？

高考题例：

Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ___?（2002上海）
Ａ.is she Ｂ．isn't she Ｃ.doesn't she Ｄ.does she
   Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time,  ___?（2002上海春）
Ａ.was there Ｂ．wasn't there Ｃ.didn't he　　Ｄ．did he
   （5） 当陈述部分的主语是everyone, everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, 等合成词时，后面问句中的主语在非正式文体中用they (有时也可用he)。如：

Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?

4) 选择疑问句

选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分，以供选择，答案必须是完整的句子或其省略式，不能用Yes或No。如：

Do you go to work by bus or by bus? I go to work by bus. / By bus.

3. 祈使句

英语中表示命令、请求、号召、建议等的句子叫祈使句。其肯定式用动词原形开头，否定式用Don’t (或never)＋动词原形开头，主语（you）常省略（间或为了强调，也可出现），句末用句号或感叹号，读时用降调。下面分类例析：     

1). “Do型”/Don’t型

即是以动词原形或以“Don’t + 动词原形”开头的祈使句, 第二人称主语通常并不表示出来。如：Don’t be nervous!  别紧张！

Go down this street till you get to the clock tower. 沿着这条街走，直到你到达钟楼处。

高考题例：

= 1 \* GB3 ①. __ at the door before entering please. (NMET2001)

  A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock

= 2 \* GB3 ②. ---- Don’t forget come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---- ______. (NMET1994)

A.     I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t

 答案：1. D。2. B。

2). “祈使句＋and＋陈述句”型  

在“祈使句＋and+ 陈述句”的结构中，and前的祈使句在作用上相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and前可用逗号隔开，也可不用。“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式在近年的高考题中多次出现。

Go through the gate and you’ll find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.穿过大门，你就会发现另一侧到熊国去的入口。

考例：

= 3 \* GB3 ③. ____it with me and I'll see what I can do．（NMET98）

A．When left  B．Leaving C．If you leave  D．Leave （答案：D）

3). 带主语型祈使句

祈使句的主语一般不出现，但有时为了指明向谁提出请求或命令，可以带主语（you），还可以加上呼语，此时主语须重读。如：

You take that seat, please.

Helen, play on my side.

考例：

= 4 \* GB3 ④.--- Alice, you feed the bird today, ___?

  --- But I fed it yesterday.  (NMET1999)

A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. didn’t you

答案B。此题易受思维定势影响而误选A。题干的第一句话实际上是一个带有主语的祈使句而不是陈述句，用will you?表示“请求”之意。

4). 注意祈使句的反意问句 

祈使句加上反意尾句，使得语气显得委婉，如：will you? Can you? won’t you? can’t you?等。won’t you? can’t you?要用于肯定祈使句后。若用wouldn’t you则显得语气更加委婉。 如：

 Please keep calm, will you?

 Have a cup of tea, won’t you?

考例：

= 5 \* GB3 ⑤. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ___? (NMET1991)

A.     do you B. will you C. can you D. could you

解析： = 7 \* GB3 ⑦.B。否定祈使句的疑问尾句一般用“will you？”，此句表示“请求”.

5). “Let’s +动词原型”结构的疑问尾句。一般用“shall we?”，“shall I?”。注意let us 和let’s的区别，Let’s 包括对方，而let us不包括对方，反意尾句要用will you?。

高考题例：

= 6 \* GB3 ⑥. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ___? (NMET1990)

A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we  (答案D)

6). 注意祈使句的回答 

对祈使句的答语是回答对方要求要做的事情，常用一般将来时。如：

--- Please remember me to your parents.

--- I will. 

高考题例：

= 7 \* GB3 ⑦--- Write to me when you get home. (NMET2001春)

   ---- ___. 

A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can   ( 答案C)

4. 感叹句型

1. What + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！

1) What terrible weather we’re having!

2) What a beautiful picture it is!

3) What fun (it is) !

2. How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！

How + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！

    1). How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well !（NMET98）

    2). How beautiful a picture it is!

一.   简单句（五种基本句型）、并列句和复合句

（一）. 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型(以下例句选择高考书面表达范文)：

1. 主语 + 谓语

Time passed quickly. (NMET98)

Quite a few changes have taken place. (NMET99)

主谓结构可带副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等作状语，同时注意状语的位置。

Early in the morning, we meet at the school gate. (NMET98)

we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories.(NMET98)

2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语

The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. (NMET2000春)

  In the evening I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. (NMET2001)

In my spare time I enjoy listening a popular music and collecting stamps.(NMET96)

3. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 +直接宾语

双宾语结构只能出现在某些及物动词后面， 如：give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, show, offer, pass, send, buy, fetch, do等。另外，可间接宾语加to 或for置于句末。例如：

The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. (NMET98)

4. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

   作宾语补足语的有动词不定式、ing分词、ed分词、名词、形容词、副词等。例如：

Then I saw a yellow car driving up Third Street --- (NMET2000)

We wish you good luck.

We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful.

5. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语

   除系动词be外，还有由实义动词转化而来的系动词，如：look, feel, seem, get, keep, sound等。可作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。如：

I was so pleased to hear from you. (NMET99)

  He feels lonely on the island.

注意汉语和英语表达上的不同， 如：“不要迟到”不可说 “Don’t late”而应说Don’t be late. “天冷了”不可说 “It cold”应译为It turns cold.

6. There be 句型

There is a newly-built library on the left of the road. (NMET99)

There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. (MET94)

（二）.并列句

1.表示平行并列关系的连词有and, both... and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor...等。如：

Mary is interested in music and Jim is fond of sports. 玛丽对音乐感兴趣，而吉姆对体育感兴趣。

She likes neither speaking nor reading French. 她既不喜欢体育，也不喜欢法语。

2.表示转折或对比关系的连词有 but, while(然而，却)，however, yet, still, rather than, not --- but--- 等。如：

= 1 \* GB3 ① I do every single bit of housework ___ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as (2004全国卷三)   (答案B)

= 2 \* GB3 ② --- Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday?

---Thank you. I’d love to, ___I’ll be out of town at the weekend.

A. because  B. and  C. so  D. but (2002北京) （答案D）

3表示选择关系的连词有 or, either ...or... 等。

 Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman? （NMET69完形）

We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us ___ you can meet us there later. A. but B. and C. or D. then  (NMET2003) （答案C。）

4. 表示因果关系的连词有so, for, therefore, thus等。

I had broken my glasses, so I couldn’t see properly. 我的眼睛打碎了，所以我看不清楚。

I caught a cold, for I had been walking around in the heavy rain. 我感冒了，因为我冒着大雨赶路。

5. 表示递进关系的连词有：besides, not only--- but also--- 等。如：

Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship.不仅一切，而且连德国国籍也都被剥夺了。

 I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ___, the walk will do me good.

  A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides (2004全国卷I )  （答案D）

（三）复合句

复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。

1. 名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that, if, whether; 疑问代词who, what, which，whatever, whoever, whomever和疑问副词when, where, how, why等。

1) 主语从句在句中做主语。一般情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。例如：Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

 It is not known whether we shall attend the meeting. 

2) 表语从句在句中作表语，谓语主句的系动词之后。如：

The question is who can complete the difficult task.

He looked as if he was going to cry.

3) 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, ides, truth等。连接词用that(不用which), 及连接副词how, when, where, why等。如：

His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

that在同位语从句中只起引导作用，在从句中不作任何成份，不可省略。that在定语从句中作主语和宾语，可省略。请看例句：

The news that she passed the computer still test was a great surprise. (同位语从句)

The news (that) he told me is true.  （定语从句）

4）. 宾语从句在句中作及物动词和介词的宾语。如：

It’s generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. （NMET97）

 It all depends on whether they will support us.

另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可带表语从句。如:

   No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years. (MET91)

 也可用it作形式宾语，如： We find it necessary that we practise speaking English everyday. 

5）. 名词性从句考点要点

（1). 语序问题  名词性从句的语序要用陈述句语序，即主语在谓语之前。

 Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.

A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is (上海’2000) （答案D）

（2) 考查名词性从句中的时态和语气

当主句是过去时态时，名词性从句（尤其是宾语从句）一般是使用相应的过去时态（表达客观真理的除外）；当主句为现在时或将来时，名词性从句可根据需要用各种时态。 主句谓语动词为insist, suggest等类词语的名词后接宾语从句的谓语要用“should + v. ” (should可省略)”结构。如：

The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ___ the rules. (MET85)

  A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey   （答案B）

 wish的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气, 如：

How I wish every family ___ a large house with a beautiful garden!

 A. has B. had C. will have D. had had  （2002上海春） （答案B）

（3). 考查连接词的句法作用

首先掌握引导名词性从句的连接词的句法作用，做题时，应根据句子语境和引导词在从句中的作用选择引导词。如：

= 1 \* GB3 ①---- Do you remember ___ he came?

---- Yes, I do, he came by car. 

  A. how B. when C. that D. if  (NMET94)  （答案A）

= 2 \* GB3 ② I remember ___ this used to be a quite village.

A. when B. how C. where D. what (MET93)  （答案A）

= 3 \* GB3 ③ --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

       ---- Is that ___ you had a few days off?

   A. why B. when C. what D. where  (NMET99)  （答案A）

（4）同位语从句和其它从句的区别。

   = 1 \* GB3 ① There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never knew what is UFO is --- not ever.

A. that B. which C. of which D. what (上海’2002)

（答案A，that引导同位语从句，表示feeling的具体内容，that在同位语从句中不作任何成份。）

2. 定语从句

  定语从句在复合句中修饰名词和代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等；关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语, 作宾语时可省略；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

1）有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句

The doctor whom (that/who) you are looking fro is in the room.

His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. (MET88)

   The building which/that stands near the river is our school.

2) 注意that引导的定语从句的特殊用法

 在定语从句中，有下列情形之一者，引导词用that, 不用which .

= 1 \* GB3 ① 先行词为不定代词everything, all, nothing, anything, the one等。

All that is needed is a supply of oil. (MET89)

Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. (MET87)

= 2 \* GB3 ②. 先行词被no, the same, the very, the only, all等修饰。

 This is the very book that I want.

= 3 \* GB3 ③. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰。

 The first letter that I received was from my father.

  = 4 \* GB3 ④. 先行词即有人又有物时。

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

3）由关系副词when, where和why引导的定语从句

  The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village.  (NMET2001)

I can remember the sitting-room where my mother and I used to sit in the evening.  (MET86)

4) 非限制性定语从句及which在非限制性定语从句中的应用

非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的内容进行补充说明，如果去掉主句的意思仍然是完整的，常用逗号隔开，关系代词一般不用that, 而要用which, which 在句中作主语或宾语，且作宾语不能省略，其先行词可是一个词，也可是整个主句，这是近几年高考热点。

  = 1 \* GB3 ①She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.  (MET91)

(which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a terrible noise)

= 2 \* GB3 ② The weather turned out to be good, which was more than we could expect.  (NMET 94)

(which引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个句子的内容，在定语从句中作主语)。

5）as引导定语从句

= 1 \* GB3 ① as引导非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这种定语从句说明整个句子。注意：as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之后或插在主句中; 而 which引导定语从句不能放在句首。As有“正如”、“就象”之意；而which则没有。例如：

As anybody can know, the elephant is like a snake.

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.    (NMET2001)

= 2 \* GB3 ② as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句并在句中作宾语、表语、状语，构成the same/such---as等结构，例如：

He lives in the same building as we do.

These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. (上海2000春)

6) “介词+关系代词”的用法

介词后的定语从句引导词不用that, 指物一般用which; 指人一般用whom。判断带有介词的定语从句引导词，主要依据：一是看和定语从句中谓语动词的搭配；二是看和先行词的搭配。请看考题：

= 2 \* GB3 ② In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. (MET92)

(turn to sb. for help为固定搭配， 意为“向---寻求帮助”)

= 2 \* GB3 ② Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable. (上海’2000)

7) 正确选择定语从句的引导词。

如何正确选择引导词是定语从句复习迎考的重要内容。一般应从以下几方面着眼：1. 判断先行词以及先行词的具体内容(指人、指物、地点或时间 ),如果在从句中作主语、宾语、定语，用关系代词that, which, who, whom, as；如果在从句中作状语（地点、时间、原因），则用关系副词。2.判断引导词在定语从句中的成份作用。3.是限制性定语从句，还是非限制性定语从句。请看考题：

= 1 \* GB3 ① After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ___ he grew up as a child.  A. which B. where C. that D. when   (NMET96)

= 2 \* GB3 ② Can you tell me the name of the factory ___ you visited last week?

A. what B. where C. /  D. when  (上海’90)

[析] = 1 \* GB3 ① 中引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in the town, 答案为A。 = 2 \* GB3 ② 中引导词在定语从句中代替the factory作visited的宾语,可用 that或which,且可省略，答案为C.

3. 状语从句

1)．时间状语从句常用when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, since, until, once, hardly --- when---, no sooner--- than, the moment等引导. 如：

  I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.

As the day went on，the weather got worse．（MET1990）

  Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

2)．原因状语从句常用because, since, as, now that等连词引导。如：

  Since everybody knows about it，I don't want to talk any more．(99上海题)

Mother was worried because little Alice was ill，especially as Father was away in France．（NMET1994）

3)．让步状语从句常用 although, though, even though/if, as, whatever（＝no matter what），whenever（＝no matter when），however＝no matter how)，whoever（＝no matter who）等等连词引导。

He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy．（MET'90）

We’ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.  (NMET99)

4). 目的状语从句常用 so that, in order that等连词引导。

John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party．（NMET2002）

 He works hard in order that he can serve the country well.

5). 条件状语从句常用if, unless, as long as等等连词引导。

 I won’t give you any help unless you tell me the truth. It’s none of my business.

As long as I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.  ( 北京’2003)

6). 结果状语从句常用so that, such --- that, so --- that等连词引导。

  We were in such an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (上海’2003)

He got up early，so that he caught the first bus．

7). 比较状语从句常用：as, than, as --- as, no so/as - -- as, the＋比较级．．．，the＋比较级．．．等等连词引导。

 We all agreed that he was stronger than he looked. (MET86)

In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, the better our holiday will be.  (上海’2001)

 John plays football as well as, if not better than，David. (NMET94）

8）地点状语从句常用where, wherever等连词引导。

You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.  (NMET99)

After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theater. (NMET97)

巩固练习：

1. ___ he gave you!

A. what good advice B. How good advice C. What a good advice D. How good advice

2. ___blood if you can and many lives will be saved．（2001上海高考）

A．Giving  B．Give C．Given  D．To give

3. One more week ____ we will accomplish the task．（'99上海高考）

A．or B．so that C．and D．if

4. ___ some of this juice ---- perhaps you’ll like it. (NMET2000春)

A.     Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried   

5. Obey the traffic rules，_____ you'll be punished．

A．and B．however C．or else D．yet

6. --- Please don’t make a noise.

--- ___. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.

A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will (NMET92)

7. --- Didn’t you play basketball last Sunday?

--- _____.

A. No, I did B. Yes, I didn’t C. Yes, I did D. No, I played

8. ---- English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

---- Yes, ___ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

     A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known (2004上海高考)

9. You must have read about Dickens long ago, ___?

 A. mustn’t you B. haven’t you C. can’t you D. didn’t you

10. The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it, ____?

A. isn’t it B. is it C. can she D. can’t she

11. If I knew the answer，I wouldn't be asking，____ ？（上海96年）

A．didn't I B．did I C．would I D．wouldn't I

12. I don't suppose anyone will volunteer,________?（2001上海卷）
Ａ．do I Ｂ.don't I Ｃ.will they　Ｄ．won't they
13. The news that they failed their driving test discovered,________?（2002上海卷）
Ａ.did they Ｂ．didn't they Ｃ.did it Ｄ．didn't it
14. I don’t think you’ve heard for him before, ___?

A. have you B. haven’t you C. do I D. don’t I (上海’90)

15. Show cheerfulness even when you don’t feel it, ___?

A. will you B. do you C. may you D. can’t you

 16. He had little idea that it was getting so late, ___?
    A. didn’t he B. wasn’t it C. did he D. was it
17. You mustn’t speak to your mother like that, ____ you?
     A. should B. may C. must D. dare
18. It’s the third time he’ s been late, ____?
    A. is it B. hasn’t he    C. has he D. isn’ t it
19. You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, ____?    

A. had you B. hadn’ t you  C. did you D. didn’t you
20. She hardly ever speaks to you in English, ________?
    A. does she B. doesn’t she  C .can she D. can’t she
21. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ___ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. [NMET96]  A. does  B. feels  C. gets  D. makes

22. The terrible noise from the man's room simply ___ me mad.

A. put  B. caused  C. drove  D. turned [MET90]

23. We ___ each other the best of luck in the examination. [MET91]

A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished

24. Excuse me for breaking in, ___ I have some news for you. [N2002]

A. so B. and C. but D. yet

25. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

—I’d like to, __ I'm too busy.[NMET94]

A. and  B. so  C. as  D. but

26. She thought I was talking about her daughter,____ in fact, I was talking about my daughter. [NMET95]

A. whom  B. where  C. which  D. while

27. We must get up early tomorrow, ___ we’ll miss the first bus to the Great wall.

A. so B. or C. but D. however  (MET89)

28. —I don't like chicken ___ fish.

—I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.[M93]

A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but

29. I hope you don’t mind me asking, ___ where did you buy those shoes?

  A. so B. and C. yet D. but  (2004全国卷三)

30. Would you like a cup of coffee __ __ shall we get down to business right away? [NMET95]

A. so B. or C. but D. however

31. Carol said the work would be done by October, ___ personally I doubt very much.

   A. it B. that C. when D. which    (NMET99)

32. ___ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.

     A. Which B. As C. That D. It   (上海’99)

33. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m, ___many people have gone home.

A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which time （上海’95）

34.. Be sure to write to us, ___? (MET93)

A.     will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you

35.  The pianos in the other shop will be ______, but ____. (MET90)

A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheaper; not as good

36. It’s believed that ____ you work, ___ result you’ll get.

A. the harder, the better B. the more hard, the more better

C. the harder, a better D. more hard, more better  (上海’93)

37. We'd better hurry ___ it is getting dark．（MET1987）

A．and  B．but C．as  D．unless

38. --- What was the party like？

--- Wonderful．It's years ______  I enjoyed myself so much．(MET93)

   A．after  B．before  C．when  D．since

39. We won't give up ____ we should fail ten times．（'93上海）

A．even if   B．since  C．whether   D．until

40. It was evening ___ we reached the little town of Winchester.

 A. that B. until C. since D. before  (NMET2004天津)

41. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ___ it got worse.

 A. until B. when C. before D. as ( 北京’2003)

42. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark ___ you have any questions.

 A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where (MET86)

43. ___ others say, the professor is sure that his theory is correct

A. No matter B. It doesn’t matter C. What D. Whatever

答案：1－5 ABCBC 6-10 BCADA 11-15 CCDAA 16-20 CCDBA 21-25 BCDCD 26-30 DBDAC 31-35 DBDAC 36-40 ACDAD 41-43 CDD

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