如何写好英语作文

舒城第二中学      黄永忠

英语写作教学历来是英语教学的一个难点问题，书面表达也是学生得分较低的一个题型。因此，作为初中英语教师，我们应该重视和加强学生的写作训练。通过写作训练，使学生更准确地掌握词汇、语法等知识，掌握英语写作的技巧和方法，加强语言组织能力和传递信息的能力，进一步增强他们的自信心，从而提高学习兴趣。

一、注重中英文差异，符合英语写作习惯

英语写作是语言综合运用能力的具体体现, 然而却是很多中国学生英语学习中的弱项，许多同学不理会中英文语言习惯的差异，写出来的句子根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分学生有按照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，这样写成的文章就会是中文式的，因此我们教师要指导学生注意两种语言的异同性，并在教学中多给学生这方面的练习。

下面是一个学生作文的摘录：

原文如下：I very like basketball, every day the school finishes, I play basketball, I want to play basketball in NBA like YaoMing, but my parents don’t let me play basketball, because they afraid playing basketball will get in the way of my study, I worried, but what can I do?

原文看起来思路不错，有想法，并且运用了动名词作主语和一些词组。可事实上这个学生出现了严重的语法错误，他使用了中文的思路和写法，从而显得幼稚可笑。

我和他一起进行了修改：I like basketball very much, I play basketball after school everyday. I want to be a professional player when I grow up like YaoMing, but my parents don’t agree with me, they think playing basketball will get in the way of my study, I am worried, what can I do?

这样一改，语言流畅了，语法也通顺了，同时避免了英语中文化。学生读后感觉挺好，挺高兴。我把这篇作文拿到班级，和学生们进行了交流，同学们讨论热烈，收获很大。

二、多阅读，多模仿，助提高

阅读与写作是两项相对独立但又相互依赖、相辅相成的技能。这一结论对写作教学有很大启发。我们有理由相信，范文教学是将阅读与写作相结合的最好途径。因此，在英语写作课堂上，不可忽视或排斥范文教学。同时，教师还应该为学生提供各类相关的范文，老师引导学生具体点评、分析范文，引导他们从中学习写作技巧、开阔思路，从而提高英语写作能力。

     下面这篇例文从语法、用词及内容的前后呼应上都对学生的写作有很好的指导作用，同时对学生如何学习英语也有一定的帮助。

The best way of learning a language

The best way of learning a language is by using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you will get your words mixed up and people will not understand you, sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at your mistakes. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to laugh at your mistakes. It’s much better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you. The most important rule for learning English is: Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.

三、多读、多记、多理解，注重语言积累

中国有句古话，叫"熟读唐诗三百首，不会写诗也会吟"。要使自己具有较强的写作能力，广泛的阅读和背诵是提高写作能力的有效办法，即所谓的厚积薄发。我平时注重指导学生熟读、理解并背诵一些句型和短文，把其中有价值的词语、句子或段落灵活的运用到自己的作文中去。事实证明，这对提高写作能力很有帮助。学生脑海里积累了大量的现成语言，写起文段来，信手拈来，或模仿、或套用，甚至发挥，效果都不错，可以说尝到了甜头，写作的积极性大增。
    例如下面的词组和句子，我引导初三学生进行背诵和灵活运用，对他们的英语写作帮助很大。

get their ears pierced  他们打耳洞

have my hair cut      我理发

old enough          足够大

too…..to…   太…. 而不能….

stay up until 10:00 pm 熬夜倒晚上10点

sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive

16岁的青少年不应该被允许开车。

I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends.

我认为学生应该被允许和朋友一起写作业。

We would feel more comfortable and that is good for our studying .

我们将感到更加的舒服，并且那将对我们的学习有好处。

What school rules do you think should be changed.

你认为哪些学校的规定应该被改变。

当学生写下面这篇作文的时候，他们会觉着非常的熟悉和容易，写起来一气呵成。

作文要求：作为一个十几岁的青少年，你认为自己在平时的学习和生活中应当做什么，不应当做什么。你希望老师，家长应当允许你们做什么。

下面就是一篇学生作文，写得不错。

I am a middle school student. As a teenager, I think we should study hard and try our best to learn all the subjects well. We shouldn’t concentrate much on our clothes and food. We mustn’t be allowed to get our ears pierced and choose our clothes. We have many rules in our school, but I think some rules must be changed. Teenagers should be allowed to have some more free time to do what they like. We should be allowed to watch TV and spend some time with friends, but we shouldn’t be allowed to drive a car.
    四、多形式，勤练笔 ，不断提高

英文写作不同于用母语那样得心应手，常常会受到生词、语法、惯用法的限制，因此我们教师可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式来训练学生写作：写单词、单句、几句话到流利的段落。也可以尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作等等。还有，从每天学到的单词中选择4个或者5个，让学生编造一个情景对话，或者小故事什么的，使语言教学更接近学生的实际水平和实际需要，从而更大地激发了学生的学习积极性。也许一开始，学生感觉很难，可是只要能够坚持下来，相信学生的英语写作水平会很快提高的。

下面是一些学生的精彩词句：

When you are not happy, please look at yourself in the mirror and say to yourself : I am the only one in the world, no one else is the same as me, I am the best. Be friendly to everyone I meet, smile to every challenge I face, do my best to achieve my dream.

I am the only hope of my parents, I will study hard to find a good job to reward my parents.

Times goes by , I have changed a lot. I have grown up.

Why do I have so many problems, maybe it’s because I will be 16 years old.

Even though I don’t agree with my parents sometimes, I regard them as my best friends.

I can’t stand the men who have long hair.

我看后非常高兴和感动，我的学生进步了，长大了，成熟了。

五、巧用词，妙笔生辉；过渡语，锦上添花

有些学生为了追求“一鸣惊人”，不愿使用熟悉的常用词，文章里出现了一些生僻的词汇，对这些一知半解的词，学生不会用，不知道如何搭配，结果适得其反，使文章显得生硬、不协调，甚至错误百出。这时候，教师要训练学生巧用学过的词汇实事求是地写作。另外，有些同学因噎废食，因怕出错而只写短句或简单句，写出的文章过于幼稚、词语贫乏、言之无物。要使文章有血有肉，层次清晰，过渡自然，就要把平时学的知识用进去，如对过渡语的使用，如“to be honest”、“not only.. but also”、 “however”、“in general”等。在很有把握的情况下，用一两句复合句，如使用状语从句、宾语从句或定语从句，会使文章逻辑结构紧密、层次鲜明、条理清楚，更能显示出写作者的英文功底。

下面是一个学生的命题作文My dream的摘录 ，我们来比较一下修改前后的异同。

原文： I like running, I get up early everyday, I spend 2 hour running , I want to be a professional athlete when I grow up, but my parents don’t think so. They want me to be realistic, what should I do if I can’t become a professional runner in the end. I know it’s a difficult dream to achieve, I believe I will succeed.

修改后：I have many hobbies, but I like running best. I get up early everyday so that I can have time to run ,I want to be a professional athlete when I grow up. However, my parents don’t think so, they want me to be realistic, and think about what I should do if I don’t become a professional runner in the end. Although I know it’s a difficult dream to achieve, I do believe I will succeed.

大家会发现修改后的作文使用了一些连词、强调词和从句，从而增强了句子的连贯性和表现力，彰显出作者的水平和自由驾驭英语语言的能力。而修改前的作文就显得像一篇流水账，平铺直叙，毫无层次和生气。

同时，写作文还要注意字母的大小写和标点符号。写完后要通读一两遍。在这个过程中，就可能会发现一些问题。如先后顺序是否对路；表达是否全面；前后时态是否呼应等等。   

六、交笔友，多学习，多乐趣