2Facial Make-Up and Costume in Beijing Opera
原文: The second is to understand the lines and patterns drawn on the face. For example, a distorted face, drawn with asymmetrical lines, generally represents a villain (反派角色) or accomplice (共犯) or someone whose face has been wounded.Traditional Beijing Opera performances are often based on historical events, reflecting life in each dynasty. Characters range from emperors, generals and ministers to the common people. The characters' costumes are as diverse as their roles: civil or martial; male or female, etc. The use of colour in costume design is also an art. Different robe colours indicate different social status or characters: yellow for the imperial family; red for nobility; red and blue for violent people. Roles have relatively fixed forms of costume. Scholars wear blue gowns; generals wear padded armour (层层盔甲); emperors wear dragon-patterned robes. Besides stunning clothes and headdresses, jewelled girdles (腰带) and hair ornaments are also used for both male and female roles.词汇:
distorted a. 变形的,扭曲的;受到曲解的;失真的asymmetrical a. 非对称的;不匀称的,不对等的villain n. 反派角色,反面人物accomplice n. 同谋,帮凶wound v. 伤害,使受伤;使受创伤 n. 创伤,伤口emperor n. 皇 帝general n. 上将,将军 a. 总体的,普遍的;一般的,常规的minister n. 部长,大臣;牧师diverse a. 不同的,各式各样的civil a. 公民的,国民的,国内的;文明的,有礼貌的martial a. <正式>军事的,战争的costume n. 服装,装束;戏服indicate v. 表明,标示;象征,暗示imperial a. 帝国的,皇帝的;宏伟的,华丽的nobility n. 贵族;崇高,高尚violent a. 暴力的;剧烈的scholar n. 学者;有学问的人gown n. 长袍,长外衣;女裙服,女礼服padded a. 有装填垫料的;脚底有厚肉的armour n. 盔甲;装甲;护面robe n. 袍服,礼袍;睡袍,浴衣stun v. 使震惊,使惊讶;使昏迷headdress n. 头发编梳的式样;饰头巾jewelled a. 镶有宝石的;带首饰的girdle n. 腰带;围绕物ornament n. 装饰品,点缀品;装饰,摆设
译文:二是看懂绘制在脸上的线条和图案。例如,用不对称线条绘制的扭曲的脸,通常代表反派角色或帮凶,也有可能是面部受伤的角色。传统的京剧表演往往以历史事件为基础,反映每个朝代的生活。角色包含了从皇帝、将军、大臣到平民百姓。角色的服装和他们的角色一样多样:文戏或武戏;男性或女性等。服装设计中色彩的运用也是一门艺术。不同的长袍颜色表示不同的社会地位或角色:黄色代表皇室;红色代表贵族;红色和蓝色代表暴力的人。角色有相对固定的服装形式。文人穿蓝色长袍;将军穿着厚重的护甲;皇帝穿龙纹长袍。除了华丽的衣服和头饰,珠宝腰带和发饰也用于男女性角色。积累:1.Beijing Opera 京剧2.range from emperors, generals and ministers to the common people 从皇帝、将军、大臣到平民百姓3.costume design 服装设计4.social status 社会地位