Beijing Opera
原文:
Originally Beijing Opera was a form of local theatre. It then spread across the country and became the national opera of China.
Towards the end of the 18th century, folk singers of Anhui and Hubei provinces, who were performing in Beijing at the time, created Beijing Opera by borrowing some of the plays, tunes, and acting skills from each other and by absorbing some of the folk music and tunes from Kunqu Opera (昆曲) and Shaanxi Opera (秦腔). Over time, it developed its own artistic style and a complete repertoire (表演体系). It is now regarded as the crown of Chinese opera.
Singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting (唱、念、做、打) are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera. Gestures, footwork (腿脚功夫) and other movements express the actions such as riding a horse, rowing a boat, opening a door, going upstairs, climbing a hill, or travelling. Each action of the performer is highly symbolic. Feelings and ideas are often expressed through these symbolic motions and the unique format has developed over years of performance.
词汇:
opera n. 歌剧演出,歌剧表演;歌剧团,歌剧院theatre n. 剧场,戏院;电影院folk a. 民俗的,传统的;流传民间的tune n. 曲调,曲子;歌曲,乐段absorb v. 吸收;使并入,纳入;同化,汲取artistic a. 艺术的,艺术家的;有艺术鉴赏力的,有艺术天赋的repertoire n. 全部剧目,全部曲目,全部节目;全部技能crown n. 王冠,冕;王位,王权(the crown)recitation n. 背诵,朗诵;讲述,陈述acrobatic a. 杂技的;特技的upstair ad. 往楼上,在楼上 a. 楼上的symbolic a. 用作象征的,被认为是象征的;有象征意义的format n. 总体安排,计划,设计
译文:
京剧最初是一种地方戏剧形式。后来,它传遍了全国,成为中国的国剧。
18世纪末期时在北京演出的安徽和湖北的民间歌手,通过相互借鉴一些剧目、曲调和表演技巧,并吸收昆曲和陕剧的一些民间音乐和曲调,创造了京剧。随着时间的推移,它形成了独特的艺术风格和完整的剧目。它现在被认为是中国戏剧的瑰宝。
唱、念、做、打是京剧的四大艺术手段和四大基本功。手势、腿脚功夫和其他动作表达了诸如骑马、划船、开门、上楼、爬山或行走等动作。表演者的每一个动作都极具象征意义。情感和思想往往通过这些象征性的动作来表达,这种独特的形式是多年来发展起来的。
积累:1.Beijing Opera 京剧2.local theatre 地方戏剧3.national opera of China 国剧4.Kunqu Opera 昆曲;Shaanxi Opera 秦腔5.crown of Chinese opera 中国戏剧的瑰宝
6.singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting 唱、念、做、打